Look at your eyes in front of the mirror, do you see a black sphere in the middle of the eye? That is the pupil of the eye. What are pupils and how do they work? Let's explore the answer in the following article.
The eye is one of the sense organs most often used among the other five senses. Almost all information and stimuli received by humans come from the sense of sight through the eye. All parts of the eye have their respective functions, including eye pupils.
How Pupils Work
Normal pupils are perfectly round and black. In adults, pupils usually measure between 2-4 millimeters in bright light, and measure 4-8 millimeters in dark conditions.
The way the pupils work is the same as the camera's aperture, which is to determine how much light enters and is captured by the eye.
Widening or shrinking pupils occur automatically thanks to nerves in the eye. In low light conditions or in the dark, the pupils will enlarge, so that more light reaches the retina to support vision.
Conversely, in bright conditions, the pupils will shrink to limit the light entering the eye. If too much light enters the eye, the eyes can be dazzled and the vision becomes uncomfortable, even the lens and retina of the eye can be damaged.
Pupils will also change size when looking at objects at a certain distance. When the object being seen is very close to the eye, for example while reading a book, the pupils will shrink. This reduction in eye pupils when looking at close objects is intended so that vision does not blur and improve focus or vision quality.
In addition to lighting and seeing objects, pupils can change size in reaction to other stimuli. For example, pupils may become bigger when you are excited or feeling anxious. Diseases or side effects of certain drugs can also cause enlarged or smaller pupils.
Anatomy of the Pupil of the Eye
Pupils and iris (the part that gives color to the eye) work together to control the amount of light entering the eye, so that it can be focused on the retina to begin the process of vision. Pupillary action is controlled by the sphincter muscle and the eye dilator muscle located in the iris.
The sphincter muscle is a ring shaped muscle that surrounds the edge of the pupil. When in a bright place, the sphincter muscle will contract to reduce the size of the pupil. While the dilator muscle, the muscle in the iris, will widen the pupil size when it is in a dark place. This muscle works according to the commands of the eye nerve.
Under normal conditions, the size of the left and right eye pupils will be the same and perfectly round in shape. However, if the size of the two pupils of the eye appear to differ greatly, the pupil of the eye does not appear to be round, or if the pupil of the eye widens or shrinks and cannot return to its normal size, then there is most likely an abnormality in the eye pupil.
Eye pupils play an important role in vision. Disorders of the pupil or other parts of the eye will cause vision problems. If you experience complaints with your eyes or vision, see your ophthalmologist immediately, so you can find out the cause and get treatment before getting worse or complications occur.
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